Essay about German Ww2 Veteran Interview - 1094 Words

His-103 This is my interview with Dr. Alfred Meckel and his World War II experience. He was born in 1924 when Germany was still in hard times due to the harsh sanctions from the rest of the world after World War 1. As a young boy at the age of 9 Hitler came to power. At such a young age he thought that Hitler would be the man who could lead Germany out of its tough economic hardships and bring them up to the rest of the world’s standards. It was not until several years into the war that he was more critical and found out that the regime was brutal and faced many problems with no human rights and oppression against others with different political and religious views. During the times when Hitler was in power, he started what†¦show more content†¦The only thing he could find were some large chunks of coal that the guys were resting their heads on. He laughed as he was recalling the look on the faces of the instructors when he arrived having been sleeping on coal for the past few nights. When he finally arrived and received basic training in France. It was pretty rough by his accounts. Food was very scarce only black coffee and a chunk of bread with a sausage link was given out in the morning and that was all the rations for the day so you had to make the most of it. His basic training was somewhat special, based on the fact that his unit was in quarantine for 3 weeks due to chicken pox running amongst the training facilities. He was put on a train again and shipped off after the graduation of basic training. After another two days by train he arrived in Poland to his pilot school. Since he was just a recruit his job was just to stand guard duty in the airfield for the first 6 months and set off the alarms at the sound of incoming allied aircraft. He claims he mostly just sat around and ate about two pounds of grapes a day since his post was surrounded by grape fields. After very tough physical and mental testing he was accepted into the pilot school. This he said was the greatest time that he had during his war experience. The pilots were fed extremely well in comparison to the rest of the German army. In addition to the excellent treatment he was also learning how to fly all ofShow MoreRelatedGovernor Livingston High School : Sergeant Curtis Maddox : An Average American Soldier1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthese men were American soldiers (D-Day and the Battle of Normandy). This attack severely weakened and dislodged German soldiers everywhere on the Normandy coast. The success of the Allies in this essential battle, due to the help and fight of the average American soldier, allowed them to obtain a greater foothold in Continental Europe and to liberate France, which had been under German control for 4 years. These successes allowed the Allies to move through Europe and to defeat the European Axis PowersRead MoreComparing World War Two and Vietnam Veterans Essay2159 Words   |  9 PagesWelcome Home† for Vietnam Veterans. The parade and events were planned to provide the celebration and recognition they did not receive 30-plus years earlier.† (Vietnam: Homecoming) The veterans were able to see the Traveling Vietnam Memorial Wall and find the names of men they had known they had dies while serving. These veterans met with men they had formerly served with. Although this event was only a fraction of the welcome the soldiers truly deserved, many veterans were very appreciative of thisRead MoreThe Work Study Job Of Transcribe Oral History Tapes From Richland Center, Wisconsin5921 Words   |  24 PagesCenter, Wisconsin. These tapes were made by Dr. Aharon Zorea who teaches at UW-Richland Center. He recorded the oral history interviews at Schmitt Woodland Hills which is a place where old people live in Richland Center. Sadly most of the people interviewed are now deceased but thankfully they were able to give their s tories before they passed away. The oral history interviews came in the form of cassettes, and I had to pause and play and cassettes and write down what I had heard. One of the biggest

Essay on 1984 Big Brother’s Dystopian World - 1015 Words

Hannah Porter Mrs. West College Prep Writing-Literary Analysis September 29th, 2011 Big Brother’s Dystopian World Dystopia: a society characterized by human misery and oppression. A Dystopian world is controlled by a government that can do no wrong. They weed out the individuals and groups that have the thought or intend to commit their lives to â€Å"dethroning† the ruler; Big Brother. The government will do anything to protect their way of life. They will go to the extremes of changing the past to control the future. In the novel 1984 by George Orwell, the citizens live in a definitive dystopian world where the government forces the comrades to fit Big Brother’s purpose. One way they force the citizens to fit Big Brother’s†¦show more content†¦The Thought Police would get him just the same... thoughtcrime they called it (19). When citizens remember things from the past that no longer exist according to the government, the Thought Police intervene and the person disappears. Many people believe that Thoughtcrime does not entail death; Thoughtcrime is death ( 28). The fact that people are so scared of the Thought Police gives them power of everyone. People believe that if they think of just one little thing that the government feels is against them, they will never be seen again. Even though the people who are charged with thoughtcrime do not actually die, but their memories and who they are are erased. In a sense they die from the inside out. In addition the Thought Police bring their victims to the Ministry of Love; into the dreaded Room 101. In Room 101 is literally the worst thing in the world. It is not the same thing for everyone. The Police figure out what the person they are bringing into the rooms worst fear and use it against them. They will torture the thought criminals into confessing or to confessing to something they did not do. In Winston case his worst fear is rats. When he is pushed to far he betrays the one he loves. â€Å"Do it to Julia! Do it to Julia! Not me! Julia! I don’t care what you do to herâ €  (283). And once the betrayal occurs, the Police and the Party has achieved their goal. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Giver And 1984 By George Orwell899 Words   |  4 PagesIn films and novels such as The Giver and 1984, a reader or viewer sees the disturbing desires for control and power in dystopian societies. Many dystopian societies congruous to those of Oceania in 1984 and the Community in The Giver, vary in that some can be more violent, controlling, or be ruled by power hungry leaders than others. â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity... 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The Role and Importance of Stakeholders in an Organization Free Essays

Student to be able to define and discuss the role and importance of stakeholders in an organization and their ability to influence the performance of the organization. Answer In general, a stakeholder can be one of two types: internal (within an organization) or external (outside of an organization). They can affect the firm’s vision and mission, are affected by the strategic outcomes achieved, and have enforceable claims on the firm’s performance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role and Importance of Stakeholders in an Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now A stakeholder is typically concerned on the organisation’s results to meet its financial objectives The 3 stakeholders are : †¢Capital Market Stakeholder is shareholders and lenders that expect the firm to preserve and enhance the wealth they have entrusted to it and the returns are commensurate with the degree of risk accepted to hence their wealth to be maximized. Dissatisfied lenders may impose stricter in borrowing of capital and dissatisfied shareholders may reflect their concerns by selling off their stocks.By keeping its interest of both stakeholders, the firm must know how to balance with its concerns for the firm’s future competitive ability. †¢Product Market Stakeholder is customers, suppliers, host communities and union officials that can share few commons interests and benefits as firm engage in competitive battles. ?Customers – demand reliable products at low prices. ?Suppliers – seek loyal customers willing to pay highest and sustainable prices for goods and services. Host communities – firm willing to be long-term employers and providers of tax revenues while minimizing demands on public support services. ?Union officials – secure jobs and desirable working conditions.Product market stakeholders are generally satisfied when a firm reaches the balance of profit margin between the returns to capital market stakeholders and the returns in which they share. Organizational stakeholder is employees that expect the firm to provide a comfortable with rewarding work environment and with the opportunities training to those who willing to learn more to achieving their objectives where they are satisfied in their growing and actively developing their skills. Knowledgeable workers are critical to the firm’s success as they are the competitive weapons that affecting the strategic implementation and the firm’s performance. How to cite The Role and Importance of Stakeholders in an Organization, Papers

Analyses Labour management Relations in Singapore Industrial

Question: Discuss about the Analyses Singapore Industrial Relation. Answer: Introduction Labour managementrelations refer to the relationship between the workers and the management of the organization. The relationship includes many aspects such as trade unionism, collective bargaining, grievance handling etc.Labour management relationship is one of the most complicated relationships which shall be understood by the HR manager of the organization and taken care of. If the relationship is built in a positive manner then the organization aims for higher target and competence in the competitive global market (Questia, 2017). Further the report includes thee labourmanagement relationship in companies of the Singapore. Further it also analyses Singapore industrial relation, role of its players and competence which the company gained through this process. The details are discussed below: Singapore Industrial Relationship The Singapore industrial relationship Act helps to country to maintain and regulate the employer employee relationship by preventing and settling trade disputes in an organization. There are a few ways through which the issues are settled down the management, like collective bargaining, arbitration, tripartite mediation of individual disputes etc. The NTUC (National Trade Union Congress) works together in with other partners to protect the interest of workers of Singapore. The union works with an aim keep the workers in the competitive and employable advantage; it also aims to maintain social justice and equality in Singapore. The NTUC is held liable to maintain adequate industry relations in Singapore (STF, 2017). The industrial relation landscape in Singapore is assessed by the tripartite relationship between the management, government and the employers. This alliance helps in approaching and managing the relation with the labour union. This process helps the country in encouraging economic success and social progress as well. Industrial relations in Singapore and governed by the laws that clearly tells the process of union-management relationship in different aspects (NTUC, 2017). Key players of Labour Management Relations Mainly there are four key players of the Labour Management Relationship name, government, union, employer and employee. These are those people both collectively and individually work in the direction of keeping the interest of labour safe in the Singapore. Further the activities of these key players are: Trade Union: talking about the National Trade Union Congress, the federation is currently affiliated with 58 unions under them and two associations as well. The aim of the trade union of Singapore is to protect the rights of the workers and advocate for their interest in case of breachment (STF, 2017). Further the roles of the trade union of Singapore are discussed below: Representation and protection of employed people: representation refers to the process of representing and working for the welfare of the community. The NTUC through their affiliation and unions protects the interest of the workers and make them regarding their right which they shall not sacrifice. Appeals, fraudery, negotiation, retrenchment activities shall not be initiated by any company of Singapore, instead the management shall always aim to create a win-win situation for both of the parties. The workers are unaware of such rights, thus it is the responsibility of the unions to protect their interest (Metters, Metters, 2017). Training and enhancement of skills: according to the need of growing era, all workers want to enhance their skills and gain more income by working smartly in the organization. For the same purpose the network of NTUC develop an understanding among them and encourages them to upgrade their skills and achieve their personal targets. Talking about the role of union UniSIM-NTUC Sponsorship, SAA Global Education (NTUC) Scholarshipand Union Training Assistance Programme (UTAP) are some of the initiatives taken by the union to satisfy their obligation towards the employees (Warner, 2014). Government: it is the obligation of the government of Singapore to initiate laws and make statutory bodies which clearly articulate the labour management relationship throughout the country. Further the government of Singapore is obliged to relate the interest of workers with the monetary benefits given to them. Ministry of Manpower is the body made by the government of Singapore which formulates and implements and policies related to the workplace and workforce issues as well. The mission of MOM is to build competitive advantage in the country by securing the future of the labour economically. The body is assigned to initiate the following key outcomes from its process, that are, Progressive workplace Global competitive forces Financial security and lifelong employability in people of Singapore The MOM is held liable to maintain industrial peace and promote jobs in the county with the aid of tripartite co-operation. Initially the role of MOM was to resolve the dispute occurred in the company and enforce law, but the establishment NWC, the responsibility has changed to address employment, co-ordinate views of different and initiate social and work life balance in the country (Kuriyama, 2017). Employer: the Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) was found in the year 1980 by the amalgamation of two employer organization namely, Singapore Employers Federation (SEF) and the National Employers Council (NEC). The vision of the federation is to help the employers of the organization to maintain harmony and peace in the organizational culture. This also helps the employer to improve their workforce competitiveness and improve the quality of living. They shall take care of the employees, shareholders and consumers as well (Giri, 2017). The core activity of this federation includes the following aspects: Training of human resource and develop their managerial skills Sharing of information related to human resource or industrial relation development. The mode of sharing such information is through seminars and group meetings. Provide consultation and advisory services to the workers regarding the rights or management issues. Spread awareness regarding the rights and duties of different people to perform (Gospel, Pendleton, Vitols, 2014). Employee: employee of the organization being the most important asset can work effectively only if they get adequate working conditions in their environment. Apart from that, considering the role of employees, it is their duty that they shall not tolerate and kind of discrimination or wrongful practices in the management of the organization. On the account of employer as discussed earlier, as it is their duty to provide adequate services to them and create suitable conditions for them, so it is the duty of employees to adapt different conditions present in the market, and help the organization to gain the competitive edge in the market. The employee shall focus on their personal training and development so that their output increases the efficiency of the company and the country as well. They shall also fully utilize the services and resources available to them, also they shall make use of their right properly and shall not waive them in any typical situations. So, these are the key of the employees of the country. Without the interest of employees no company can earn efficiency in the market (Huat, 2017). Competitive advantage to Singapore With the initiation of labour management relationship in the industrial working of the country Singapore, it has been noticed that the state of the workers of the country have started getting better and their efficiency is also increased. This relationship being an important aspect in maintain adequate growth of the country shall be adopted by every company so that the indirectly the country receives competitive advantage in the global world. The progressive wage model is related to increasing the productivity of organization by upgrading the skills of the employees and providing them better returns as well. This model is developed for the workers of the country to assist and motivate them work better to earn more. Further talking about the tripartism mechanism used in the organization so as to assist the labour management relationship in the country, the policy directly favored the economic growth of the country (Bekhouche, 2015). With traditional process the country used to face issues in settling economic transactions and accessing the resources adequately. But with this process the country obligated the department to fulfill their duties due to which work was easily flowed in the country implementing sustainable growth for the country. The National Trade Union Congress and supported the government to change their traditional adversarial unionism and confrontational labour-management relations, so that peace and econom ic sustainability is initiated in the country. Further considering the economic performance of the country, the performance grew by 2.0 % in the year 2016 along with which the total employment apart from foreign domestic workers grew by 8600 in the same year (MOM, 2017). The employment rate also showed a positive growth as it rose to 2.1 % in 2016. Further the consumer price index of the country fell by 0.5 % and the overall labour productivity was measured by real value added per worker (MOM, 2017). It grew by 1.0 % in previous year. The company also started providing more incentives and bonuses to the employees of their organization and the Central Provident Fund of the country grew by 3.1 %, there was not much difference in the grades of bonus but the basic wage rate had major changes in them. Due to this process the rate of growing inflation also reduced to 4.0 % (MOM, 2017). Additionally the NWC aims to amend the rate of risk and uncertainty attracting the country in the upcoming year 2017. The country started growing in varied segment of the industry. Furthermore in addition to the competitive advantage of the company flexible wage system refers to the system which allows the companies to adjust and cost their costs in harsh times. Also this mode helps the companies to flexible pay rewards to the employees of the organization on the basis of their performance (MOM, 2017). KPI (key performance indicator) is a management tool which helps the companies to measure the performance of their employees and reward them accordingly. This aspect include financial as well as operational indicator (IMD, 2017). It has been seen that Singapore constantly earned goodwill and an identified position in the due to their efficient growth in all sectors of the market. Further the growth of a country is identified with the working efficiency of labour of the company. Adding to it the labour will only work efficiently if there is presence of good management and labour relationship law in the company. Thus, Singapore has coined them as the worlds best country where companies can initiate their business activities. With this, it can be known that the company has good economic market, and the foreign exchange is marked on the 10th place out off total 121 countries (Holmes, 2017). Talking about the competitive advantage the company is placed on the third position. Also Singapore is remarked as Asias best country having logistic supply chain management. In terms of labour as well, the country comes in Asias top countries who have best skilled and motivated labour. Lastly, talking about investment, Singapore is earmarked as the best country for investment in the business sector, the present combined score of the country is 73 (report given by (BERI) Business Environment Risk Intelligence) (EDB Singapore, 2017). Conclusion Thus in the limelight of above mentioned events the fact that shall be noted is that any country can gain the economic competencies in the global market if the labor management practices are efficient. So it is the duty of the key aspect to manage the issues and initiate to solve them to provide maximum benefit to the worker of the country. In the country Singapore, the Tripartite Partnership helped the country to assign themselves duties and working according to provide maximum benefits to the workers of the country. The above mentioned analysis discusses about the role of government, employer, employee and union of the country Singapore in monitoring and maintains labour management relationship in the industrial activities of the country. Also it also states the competencies which the country received after adequately monitoring and analyzing the drawbacks in the system in managing them. The country Singapore gained a numerous benefits after utilizing the essence of labour management relationship in the system and implementing them properly. Thus, it shall be said that it is the need of the ear that all countries shall now implement plans and actions which discuses about the issues of labour management relation and implementation plans to resolve them. References Bekhouche, Y., (2015). The Global Gender Gap Index 2014. World Economic Forum. EDB Singapore, (2017). Facts and rankings. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb/en/why-singapore/about-singapore/facts-and-rankings/rankings.html Giri, M. P. (2017). Industrial RelationsAn Overview. Journal of Industrial Relationship, Corporate Governance Management Explorer, 1(1), 21-25. Gospel, H., Pendleton, A., Vitols, S. (Eds.). (2014). Financialization, new investment funds, and labour: an international comparison. Oxford University Press. Holmes, F. (2017). Switzerland And Singapore Top U.S. In Global Competitiveness Ranking. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/10/06/switzerland-and-singapore-top-u-s-in-global-competitiveness-ranking/#6dcf8e834325 Huat, C. B. (2015). Singapore: Growing Wealth, Poverty Avoidance and Management. Developmental Pathways to Poverty Reduction, 201. IMD, (2017). The World Competitiveness. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.imd.org/uupload/IMD.WebSite/wcc/WCYResults/1/scoreboard_2014.pdf Kuriyama, N. (2017). Stereotypes of Japanese Human Resource Management and LabourManagement Relations. In Japanese Human Resource Management (pp. 3-34). Springer International Publishing. Metters, R., Metters, R. (2017). Gender and operations management. Cross Cultural Strategic Management, 24(2), 350-364. MOM., (2017). Flexible Wage System. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.mom.gov.sg/~/media/mom/documents/statistics-publications/flexible-wages-for-smes-english.pdf MOM., (2017). National Wages Council (NWC) Guidelines 2017/2018. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2017/0531-nwc-guidelines-2017-2018 NTUC., (2017). Industrial relations landscape in Singapore. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.ntuc.org.sg/wps/portal/up2/home/industrialrelations/irlandscapeinsingapore Questia., (2017). Labour-Management Relations. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.questia.com/library/sociology-and-anthropology/labor-and-work/labor-management-relations STF., (2017). National Wage Council. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.tripartism.sg/page/National-Wages-Council/ STF., (2017). Tripartism in Singapore. Viewed on September 26, 2017 from https://www.tripartism.sg/page/Tripartism-in-Singapore/ Warner, M. (2014). Culture and management in Asia. Routledge.

Impact of Virtual Worlds on Marketing Strategies and Goals of Major Corporations

Free Essays on Rockefeller

The Rockefeller Foundation is a knowledge-based global foundation with a commitment to enrich and sustain the lives and livelihoods of poor and excluded people throughout the world. In order to maximize its resources and leverage the Foundation's strengths, grantmaking is organized around four thematic lines of work: Creativity & Culture, Food Security, Health Equity and Working Communities. John Davison Rockefeller (July 8, 1839 - May 23, 1937) was the guiding force behind the creation and development of the Standard Oil Company, which grew to dominate the oil industry and became one of the first big trusts in the United States, Rockefeller also was one of the first major philanthropists in the U.S., establishing several important foundations and donating a total of $540 million to charitable purposes. In 1859, with $1,000 he had saved and another $1,000 borrowed from his father, Rockefeller formed a partnership in the commission business with another young man, Maurice B. Clark. In that same year the first oil well was drilled at Titusville in western Pennsylvania, giving rise to the petroleum industry. Cleveland soon became a major refining center of the booming new industry, and in 1863 Rockefeller and Clark entered the oil business as refiners. Together with a new partner, Samuel Andrews, who had some refining experience, they built and operated an oil refinery under the company name of Andrews, Clark & Co. The firm also continued in the commission business but in 1865 the partners, now five in number, disagreed about the management of their business affairs and decided to sell the refinery to whoever amongst them bid the highest. Rockefeller bought it for $72,500, sold out his other interests and, with Andrews, formed Rockefeller & Andrews. In 1870 he organized The Standard Oil Company along with his brother William, Andrews, Henry M. Flagler, S.V. Harkness, and others. It had a capital of $1 mi... Free Essays on Rockefeller Free Essays on Rockefeller The Rockefeller Foundation is a knowledge-based global foundation with a commitment to enrich and sustain the lives and livelihoods of poor and excluded people throughout the world. In order to maximize its resources and leverage the Foundation's strengths, grantmaking is organized around four thematic lines of work: Creativity & Culture, Food Security, Health Equity and Working Communities. John Davison Rockefeller (July 8, 1839 - May 23, 1937) was the guiding force behind the creation and development of the Standard Oil Company, which grew to dominate the oil industry and became one of the first big trusts in the United States, Rockefeller also was one of the first major philanthropists in the U.S., establishing several important foundations and donating a total of $540 million to charitable purposes. In 1859, with $1,000 he had saved and another $1,000 borrowed from his father, Rockefeller formed a partnership in the commission business with another young man, Maurice B. Clark. In that same year the first oil well was drilled at Titusville in western Pennsylvania, giving rise to the petroleum industry. Cleveland soon became a major refining center of the booming new industry, and in 1863 Rockefeller and Clark entered the oil business as refiners. Together with a new partner, Samuel Andrews, who had some refining experience, they built and operated an oil refinery under the company name of Andrews, Clark & Co. The firm also continued in the commission business but in 1865 the partners, now five in number, disagreed about the management of their business affairs and decided to sell the refinery to whoever amongst them bid the highest. Rockefeller bought it for $72,500, sold out his other interests and, with Andrews, formed Rockefeller & Andrews. In 1870 he organized The Standard Oil Company along with his brother William, Andrews, Henry M. Flagler, S.V. Harkness, and others. It had a capital of $1 mi...

Unit 8 Seminar Legal & Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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While conceptually sound, the practical realities are such that Essay

While conceptually sound, the practical realities are such that ecotourism remains a fundamentally flawed product. Discuss - Essay Example s a means of novelty to satisfy the hunger of hunger of the tourists with a view to growing awareness of the drastic environmental changes caused by global warming. But if the concept of ecotourism is compared with the ecotourism in reality, it appears, to a great extent, to be the manipulation of the consumerism of the industrial society to trap the foreign currency at home and abroad. Indeed it was initiated with the increasing concern about the negative impacts of tourism on the environment and ecology. But in order to mitigate the pressure of the scholars and the environmentalists regarding the harmful impacts of tourism on the environment, the concept of tourism ironically includes its ecological apparel that is supposed to grow the awareness of the tourists about the environmental change. Since then the concept of ecotourism is facing the dilemma of its true outline in reality, as in this regard Anja Touhino and Anne Hynoenen (2001: 1) say, â€Å"The tourism industry still feels that these definitions are unclear and that they confuse both consumers and tourism entrepreneurs. Terms related to ecotourism are often used without adequate definition and thus cause confusion, even in research† (Touhino & Hynoenen, 2001: 1). Various scholars have defined tourism in different ways. But all these definitions are stitched together with a common thread that appears to be approach of these definitions to nature and environment. The concept of ecotourism evolved in order to mitigate the negative impact mass tourism on Environment. Therefore the evolution of the concept of ecotourism is closely related to the definition of mass tourism and tourism in general. In this regard Fennel (2003: 30) says, â€Å"Ecotourism has grown as a consequence of the dissatisfaction with conventional forms of tourism†. For Fennell (2003: 16), â€Å"ecotourism is distinct from mass tourism and various other forms of AT [alternative tourism]†. In the beginning the most accepted definitions of

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Assocation (APA) 5th Essay

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Assocation (APA) 5th edition book report - Essay Example The book also gives special attention to the treatment of numbers, statistical and mathematical data, tables, and figures to present data in reports or presentations. The manual is divided into nine sections that are further divided into sub-sections, each duly labeled with page numbers so that the user can quickly access the required information. The APA manual is a well organized and user-friendly book that guides writers in all aspects of writing a paper - starting from designing the research and evaluating the content to preparing the manuscript for publication. Some of the major points of the book are mentioned below: The most important point that is highlighted in the book is the position taken by the American Psychological Association on plagiarism. According to the APA (2001), it is important to ensure that psychologists do not present substantial portions of another’s work or data as their own, even if the other work or data source is cited occasionally. The entire book revolves around rules and conventions that have been set by the APA to ensure that the writer gives due credit to the authors of the sources that have been used in writing the paper. The two important items that help in referencing the sources in a paper and that have been addressed in detail in the book are (a) in-text citations, and (b) referencing. The manual guides writers in using parenthetical reference citations wherein the sources are briefly identified within the text using the author’s surname and year of publication enclosed in parenthesis at the point where the information is used (APA, 2001). These citations direct the readers to the reference section at the end of the paper, which provides the complete information of all the sources that were used in writing the paper. All the topics in the book are explained in such detail that

A Look At Socialization Religion Essay

A Look At Socialization Religion Essay Some of a persons behaviour is natural while most of the behaviour is learnt. When a child comes in the world, he/she is gradually moulded in society into a social being and learns social ways of acting and feeling. His/her existence in the society becomes impossible without this process. This process of moulding and shaping the personality of the human infant is called socialization. In general Socialization is a social training by which every society prescribes its own ways and means of giving social training to its new born members so that they may develop their own personality. Socialization is often referred to as the transmission of culture, the process by which people learn the rules and practices of social groups. Just as we learn a game by playing it, so we learn life by engaging in it. Socialization is definitely a matter of learning and not of biological inheritance. People become what they are by socialization. Through the process of socialization the individual becomes a social person and attains personality. Socialization is the process whereby the individual acquires the conventional patterns of human behaviour. Every person tries to adjust himself/herself to the condition and environment predominantly determined by the society of which he/she is a member. If he/she fails to do so, he/she becomes a social deviant and is brought back into the line by the efforts of the group of which he/she is a member. This process is knows as socialization. It is the opposite of individualization. Some definitions of socialization by different sociologists are g iven below: Bogardus: Socialization is the process of working together, of developing group responsibility, or being guided by the welfare needs of others. W.F. Ogburn: Socialization is the process by which the individual learns to conform to the norms of the group. Peter Worsley explains socialization as the process of transmission of culture, the process whereby men learn the rules and practices of social groups. Harry M. Johnson understands socialization as learning that enables the learner to perform social roles. He further says that it is a process by which individuals acquire the already existing culture of groups they come into. Lundberg says that socialization consists of the complex processes of interaction through which the individual learns the habits, beliefs, skills and standards of judgement that are necessary for his effective participation in social groups and communities. Some terms in sociology relating to socialization: Sociality: It is the capacity to mix with others, to enter into relations with them easily and comfortably. Socialism: It is a theory of future structure of society. Maturation: Maturation refers to the physical and chemical processes of development over which people have comparatively little control. 2. THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION Socialization is a process of transforming the human animal into a human being, of converting the biological being into a social being. It is said that the working of the process of socialization starts long before the child is born. The direct socialization begins only after birth. Factors of the Process of Socialization There are four factors of this process of learning. These are imitation, suggestion, identification and language. Imitation: Imitation is copying of the actions of another by an individual. In imitation the person imitating performs exactly the same activity as the one being performed before him. It is the main factor in the process of socialization of the child. Through imitation a child learns many social behaviour patterns. Language and pronunciation are acquired by the child only through imitation. Suggestion: McDougall defines suggestion as the process of communication resulting in the acceptance with conviction of the communicated proposition in the absence of logically adequate grounds for its acceptance. Suggestion is the process of communicating information which has no logical or self-evident basis. It may be conveyed through language, pictures or some other similar medium. Suggestion influences not only behaviour with others but also ones own private and individual behaviour. Identification: A child cannot make any distinction between his/her organism and environment in his/her early age. At that time most of his/her actions are random of which he/she is not conscious. As the child grows in age, he/she comes to know of the nature of things which satisfy his/her needs and such things become the object of his/her identification. The speed and area of identification increase with the growth in age and through identification the child becomes sociable. Language: As we all know, language is the medium of social intercourse and the means of cultural transmission. At first a child utters syllables having no meaning but gradually the child comes to learn his/her mother-tongue. The language moulds the personality of the individual from infancy. Theories of Socialization The heart of socialization is the development of the self. Gardner Murphy has defined self as the individual as known to the individual. The self of a person is what he/she consciously or unconsciously conceives himself/herself to be. There are mainly three important theories to explain the development of self. (a) C.H. Cooleys Theory of Looking-Glass Self According to him, one develops the concept of self with the help of others. One does not come to form opinions about himself/herself unless and until he/she comes into contact with other people and knows their opinions about him/her. Just as the picture in the mirror gives an image of the physical self, so the perception of others gives an image of social self. There are three principal elements of the looking-glass concept, they are: The imagination of our appearance to the other person The imagination of his judgement of that (imagined) appearance. Some kind of self-feeling such as pride or mortification. The individual develops the idea of self through contact with the primary group, particularly with the members of the family. Thus, the childs view of himself/herself may be affected by the kind of name given by his family or friends. For example, a child called angel by his mother gets a notion of himself which differs from that of a child called rascal. Cooley concludes that the self is social and that self-consciousness would not exist in the absence of society. (b) George Herbert Meads Theory of Self Mead has stated, the individual, largely through interaction, becomes aware of himself/herself. He has said that the individual in order to get a picture of himself/herself plays the roles of others. In seeing himself/herself as others see him/her, the individual is actually putting himself/herself in the place of others, and imagining what their response might be. A new-born infant depends upon his/her mother for his/her needs and identifies himself/herself with her emotionally. Eventually the child differentiates himself/herself from the mother and comes to know the role of the father. The child then differentiates his/her father from his/her mother and then integrates him into the social system. The child learns at an early age that one of the most important ways of controlling his destiny is to influence the feelings of others towards him/her. (c) Freud and His Concept of the Human Mind Sigmund Freud, the father of psycho-analysis has explained the process of socialization in terms of his concepts of Id, Ego and Super ego which constitute the three systems of mind. The id is concerned only with satisfying the animal impulses of a person. The ego serves as the mediator between desire and action. It represses the urges of the id when necessary. The super ego always holds up the behaviour norms of society. It provides the ego the idea of moral and immoral and this in turn intervenes with the id. According to Freud, the individuals super ego is a reflection of his parents standards of right and wrong. Thus, logically the child, in its socialization process adopts the norms of conduct of the society through the super ego. 3. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION The process of socialization is operative throughout life. What a child is going to be is more important than what he is. It is socialization which turns the child into a useful member of the society and gives him/her social maturity. The chief agencies of socialization are the following: The Family: The process of socialization begins for every one of us in the family. They are not only closely related to the child but physically also they are nearer to the child than others. The child learns respect for persons in authority. The environment of a family influences the growth of a child. Of the parents it is the mother who first begins the process of socialization. The School: The school is the second agency of socialization. The education the child gets in the school moulds hi/her ideas and attitudes. Education is of great importance in socialization. The communication they receive from their teachers help to socialize them and to make them finally mature members of their societies. The Playmates or Friends: The relation between a child and his/her playmates is one of equality. It is based on cooperation and mutual understanding. The child acquires something from his/her friends and playmates which he cannot acquire from parents. From the friends the child acquires cooperative morality and some of the informal aspects of culture like fashions, fads, crazes, modes of gratification and forbidden knowledge. The knowledge of such things is necessary from the social point of view. The Church: Though in modern society the importance of religion has diminished, yet it continues to mould our beliefs and ways of life. When a child sees his/her parents going to the temple and performing religious ceremonies, he/she listens to the religious sermons which may determine his course of life and shape his ideas. The State: The state makes laws for the people and lays down the modes of conduct expected of them. If people fail to adjust their behaviour in accordance with the laws of the state, they may be punished for such failure. Hence the state also moulds our behaviour. 4. ELEMENTS OF SOCIALIZATION There are there elements which play their part in the socialization process of the individual, they are: The physical and psychological heritage of the individual. The environment in which he is born, and Culture in which he is because of the action and interaction between these elements. 5. ROLE OF SOCIALIZATION Socialization is the most important factor in personality development. Some importances of socialization are listed below: Socialization converts a person, the biological being into a person, the social being. Socialization contributes to the development of personality. It helps to become disciplined. It helps to enact different roles. It provides the knowledge of skills. It helps to develop right aspiration in life. It contributes of the stability of the social order. Socialization helps to reduce social distance. It provides scope for building the bright future. It helps the transmission of culture. 6. SOCIALIZATION OF ADULTS Socialization is a life-long process. At no point in the life of a person it comes to an end. The socialization of adults is easier than the socialization of children. The socialization of adults can be a prolonged and a tough process. This is particularly so when the skills to be learnt are complex and the responsibilities of the role are heavy. Generally adult socialization is designed to help the person gain specific skills. 7. INDIVIDUALIZATION Generally speaking, individualization is the opposite of socialization. It is that social process which tends to make the individuals more or less independent of their own. Individualization is the process in which people come to know themselves and acquire the sense of inner responsibility. Socialization brings people into relation with others; individualization makes him autonomous or self-determining. It is the process carried through by the individual and the society, and is primarily a mental process which is being spread through the prevailing ideas. Aspects of Individualization Mannheim has distinguished four main aspects of individualization. These aspects are: Individualization as a process of learning different from other people: The external differentiation of individuals leads to the formation of new groups. The people isolated from other people develop different types of personality. Individualization on the level of new forms of self regarding attitudes: The individualization comes to feels himself/herself as superior and separate from others and evaluates himself/herself in high terms. The person begins to regard his/her life and character as unique. Individualization through objects: Some people have a fixed feeling towards certain people and objects. Many factors influence the individual choice such as wealth or the process of modern production and distribution. Family conditions also shape the wishes of the individual. Individualization as a kind of deepening into ourselves: The feeling of solitary can develop a feeling of privacy and partial isolation in an individual. It leads to introspection which is again another from of individualization. 8. CONCLUSION The importance of socialized attitudes cannot be minimized in a society. A person with socialized attitudes would no do any work which is socially harmful. A socialized citizen would place human welfare above his individual gain. He would put human values above all else. Modern society has still to solve some basic problems of socialization at all stages of childhood and youth. The improvement of socialization offers one of the greatest possibilities for the future alteration of human nature and human society.

The Brewing Process of Beer :: Brewery Alcohol Beer Essays

The Brewing Process of Beer The first and most important step in brewing is cleanliness. "Brewing is ninety percent janitorial," said Frederick Bowman, founder of Portland Brewing. (Bowman) The first step in the actual brewing process is malting. Malting is what is done to the barley to prepare it for brewing. The steps of the malting process release the starches that are contained in the barley, while minimizing haze and off-flavors. Grain is allowed to soak in 60Â ° F. water to increase the moisture content of the grain to about 40-45%. The grain is usually spread out on the floor of the germination room, or some other container. These grains are kept at a temperature of about 60Â ° F. The germination is complete when the sprout has grown to about 3/4 the length of the grain and the hard part of the grain, or the shell, has turned soft. The goal for germination is for the starches within the grain to break down into shorter lengths. At this shorter length stage, the grain is called green malt. Kilning is t he next stage after the grains have sprouted. Kilning is the process of drying the grain in the kiln where the temperature is slowly raised during the 30-35 hour period. After kilning, the result is finished malt, with soluble starches and developed enzymes. These grains each have a different and distinct flavor depending on how long they are cooked in the kiln. (Porter) After the malting, the grain is ready for milling. Milling is the cracking, and crushing of the grain. This procedure is controlled carefully so as to break the grain while keeping the husk as large and as intact as possible. Milling allows the grain to absorb the water it will be mixed with later as the water will extract sugars from the malt. The malt will now be mixed with warm water in the mash tun. This vessel holds the grain and water mixture for a period of time. Two important things will take place in this step. One is to break down proteins to the more soluble and usable amino acids, providing food for the yeast and foam for a nice head on the beer. The second thing is to break down the starch to simple sugars so yeast can convert them to alcohol and carbon dioxide. (Porter) Mash filtration consists of filtering the converted mash by gravity or pressure in a lauter tub or mash filter to separate the insoluble matter in the malt from the soluble sugars and nitrogen compounds.